fieldwork: enquiry process
4 detailed 50-minute lessons with teaching scripts, worked examples, parent guides, and assessment criteria.
Lesson Overview
Total Lessons: 4
Tier: Foundation and Higher
Duration: 50 minutes per lesson (200 minutes total)
Exam Boards: AQA, Edexcel, OCR, Eduqas, CCEA
Tier: Foundation and Higher
Duration: 50 minutes per lesson (200 minutes total)
Exam Boards: AQA, Edexcel, OCR, Eduqas, CCEA
Learning Objectives
- Explain the key ideas of fieldwork: enquiry process
- Apply fieldwork: enquiry process to exam-style questions
- Develop independent study skills
- Build cross-topic connections
Prerequisites
- Read the revision notes for fieldwork: enquiry process first (GCSE Revise summary)
- Key vocab to pre-teach: Key Concept, Key Concept, Key Factors
- Basic skills: reading the summary notes and answering the practice questions there
Materials & Equipment
- Exercise book, coloured pens
- Ruler
- Printed revision notes (link below)
- Internet for videos (see Resources)
Lesson 1: Introduction: fieldwork: enquiry process
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Quick Recall
Write down everything you already know about fieldwork: enquiry process. Then check against the key terms: Key Concept, Key Concept, Key Factors. Use a mini-whiteboard or paper.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Parent/Teacher Guide:
Before lesson: Read the script below. Pre-teach key vocab: Key Concept, Key Concept, Key Factors.
If stuck: Re-read the revision notes (link above), then break the content into smaller steps.
Extension: See the Stretch & Challenge ideas in Lesson 4.
Before lesson: Read the script below. Pre-teach key vocab: Key Concept, Key Concept, Key Factors.
If stuck: Re-read the revision notes (link above), then break the content into smaller steps.
Extension: See the Stretch & Challenge ideas in Lesson 4.
Teaching Script (35 mins):
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: fieldwork: enquiry process. By the end you will be able to answer exam questions on it unaided. It connects to the rest of Geography because the ideas here recur across the spec."
Mins 5-20 - Direct Instruction: Work through the core ideas below one at a time; after each, ask your student to explain it back in their own words.
Mins 20-30 - Guided Practice: Model the worked example together, then let your student attempt the first practice question with guidance.
Mins 30-35 - Independent Practice: 2-3 practice questions from Lesson 3 below, with immediate feedback.
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: fieldwork: enquiry process. By the end you will be able to answer exam questions on it unaided. It connects to the rest of Geography because the ideas here recur across the spec."
Mins 5-20 - Direct Instruction: Work through the core ideas below one at a time; after each, ask your student to explain it back in their own words.
Mins 20-30 - Guided Practice: Model the worked example together, then let your student attempt the first practice question with guidance.
Mins 30-35 - Independent Practice: 2-3 practice questions from Lesson 3 below, with immediate feedback.
First Look
Start with the revision notes summary, then attempt: Explain the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Plenary (5 minutes)
Check Out
Your student states one thing they learned and one question they still have about fieldwork: enquiry process.
Lesson 2: Core Concepts: fieldwork: enquiry process
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Review Previous Lesson
Quick recap: write 3 key points from Lesson 1 on fieldwork: enquiry process. Check them against the notes below.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Key Concept: Geographical enquiry is a structured investigation into a geographical question or issue. It follows a clear sequence: Question → Hypothesis → Data Collection → Data Presentation → Analysis → Conclusion → Evaluation. AQA requires two fieldwork investigations: one in a physical environment and one in a human environment.
Definition: A research question is an open-ended question that guides your enquiry. It should be specific, measurable, and linked to geographical theory.
Definition: A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the expected outcome of the enquiry. It is often based on geographical theory and can be supported or rejected by evidence.
Key Concept: You must choose data collection methods that are appropriate for your hypothesis. The evidence should be sufficient, relevant, and reliable. Consider both primary data (collected by you) and secondary data (collected by others).
Key Factors: A good fieldwork location must be accessible, safe, relevant to the hypothesis, and representative of the geographical process being studied.
Definition: A risk assessment identifies potential hazards in the fieldwork environment, assesses the likelihood and severity of harm, and describes measures to reduce or eliminate risks.
| Term | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| River velocity increases downstream | Velocity measurements (flow meter), width, depth at multiple sites | OS map for site distances, Environment Agency flow data |
| Environmental quality decreases from the CBD | Environmental quality surveys, photo evidence, litter counts | Census data, deprivation indices, historic maps |
| Sediment size decreases along longshore drift | Sediment size measurements at intervals along the beach | Geology maps, coastal management maps, historic erosion data |
| Urban land use changes with distance from the CBD | Land use surveys, building age classification, rental prices | Google Earth imagery, census data, local authority plans |
| Accessibility | Can you reach the site safely? Is there road access or public transport? Is the terrain manageable for all group members? | |
| Safety | Are there hazards (fast-flowing water, steep cliffs, busy roads)? Is the site away from dangerous areas? | |
| Relevance | Does the site show the geographical process you are studying? Does it have enough variation to test your hypothesis? | |
| Scale | Is the area manageable in the time available? Can you collect enough data at different points? |
Practice (10 minutes)
Q: Explain the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Answer: A research question is an open-ended question that guides the enquiry (e.g. "How does environmental quality vary across the city?"). A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the expected outcome (e.g. "Environmental quality decreases with distance from the CBD"). A hypothesis is more specific and directional, allowing you to clearly support or reject it with evidence, whereas a research question invites broader exploration.
Plenary (5 minutes)
Explain Back
Your student teaches the key points back to you without looking. Fill any gaps immediately.
Lesson 3: Application: fieldwork: enquiry process
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Quick Recall
Recall the key terms: Key Concept, Key Concept, Key Factors. Define each in one sentence.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Parent/Teacher Guide: Let your student attempt each question alone first, then compare with the model answer. Award method marks for correct working even if the final answer is wrong.
Q1: Explain the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Answer: A research question is an open-ended question that guides the enquiry (e.g. "How does environmental quality vary across the city?"). A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the expected outcome (e.g. "Environmental quality decreases with distance from the CBD"). A hypothesis is more specific and directional, allowing you to clearly support or reject it with evidence, whereas a research question invites broader exploration.
Q2: Write a suitable hypothesis for a study investigating how river characteristics change downstream.
Answer: "River velocity, width, and depth all increase with distance downstream from the source" - based on the Bradshaw Model which predicts these changes as the river is joined by more tributaries and the channel becomes more efficient through erosion and deposition processes.
Q3: Describe three factors you would consider when choosing a fieldwork location.
Answer: Factor 1: Accessibility - the site must be reachable safely by the group, with road or public transport access and manageable terrain. Factor 2: Relevance - the site must show the geographical process being studied (e.g. a river must have enough variation downstream to test the hypothesis). Factor 3: Safety - the site must be free from unacceptable hazards, such as fast-flowing water or unstable cliffs.
Q4: Identify two hazards of river fieldwork and explain how you would minimise the risk from each.
Answer: Hazard 1: Deep water / drowning - minimise by never entering water above knee height, wearing buoyancy aids, working in pairs, and avoiding sites near weirs or waterfalls. Hazard 2: Slippery river banks - minimise by wearing appropriate footwear with good grip, avoiding steep or muddy banks, and using a walking pole for stability.
Q5: Explain why it is important to use both primary and secondary data in a geographical enquiry.
Answer: Primary data is collected firsthand by the researcher, ensuring it is specific to the study location and up-to-date. Secondary data provides wider context, historical comparison, and larger datasets that would be impossible to collect personally (e.g. census data, Environment Agency records). Using both allows triangulation - checking that findings from one source are supported by another, increasing the reliability and validity of conclusions.
Plenary (5 minutes)
Error Review
Review any questions answered incorrectly. Identify whether the error was knowledge, method, or reading the question.
Lesson 4: Exam Practice: fieldwork: enquiry process
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Command Words
Review what these command words require: state (one point), describe (say what happens), explain (say why), compare (both sides), evaluate (judgement).
Main Content (35 minutes)
Exam-Style Question
Attempt a past-paper style question on fieldwork: enquiry process from the exam board past paper finder (see Resources), then mark it against the scheme.
Exam Tips: You must know your own fieldwork in detail - the examiner will ask about YOUR specific investigation | Be able to state your hypothesis clearly and explain the geographical theory behind it | Know exactly where your fieldwork took place (named locations, grid references) | Be prepared to explain and justify your data collection methods | Risk assessment is a common exam question - know specific hazards and mitigations for your environment | Remember you need TWO fieldwork investigations: one physical, one human | Practice explaining why each method was chosen - link it to your hypothesis
Common Errors: Watch Out! Students often write vague answers without specific geographical evidence. Wrong: Writing generalised statements like 'it causes problems' Correct: Using specific data and named examples, e.g. 'the 2010 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people due to poor building quality' Students often confuse causes and effects. Wrong: Mixing up what caused the event with what resulted from it Correct: Clearly separate causes (why it happened) from effects (what happened as a result) Students often describe rather than evaluate. Wrong: Listing strategies without assessing their effectiveness Correct: Weighing up strengths and weaknesses of each approach and reaching a supported judgement
Stretch & Challenge (Grade 8-9):
- Synoptic links: explain how fieldwork: enquiry process connects to another Geography topic you have studied
- Real-world: research one real-world use or example of fieldwork: enquiry process
- Critical: "What are the limitations of the models used in fieldwork: enquiry process?"
Plenary (5 minutes)
Assessment Criteria
- Got it: Confident explanation + correct worked examples
- Getting there: Main points OK, needs support with detail
- Not yet: Confused on key concepts - re-run Lesson 2
Homework & Consolidation
- Consolidation: Re-answer any Lesson 3 practice questions answered incorrectly (20 mins)
- Retrieval: Write flashcards for the key terms: Key Concept, Key Concept, Key Factors (10 mins)
- Exam practice: One past-paper question on fieldwork: enquiry process from the board websites (15 mins)
- Extension: Explain fieldwork: enquiry process to someone else in your own words (10 mins)